Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute - General Toshevo, 9521, General Toshevo, Bulgaria
Резюме
Bulgaria is located in a geographical area where high productivity and quality are
mainly realized from winter wheat type (Triticum aestivum L.). In this connection,
the cold resistance of wheat is a very important feature.
In order to increase the scope for targeted selection in this area, genetic markers
that are directly or indirectly related to the cold-resistance attribute can be more
frequently used and can be evaluated in the initial stage of the breading process.
Particularly suitable for this purpose are the wheat endosperm proteins - glutenins
and gliadins.
In the present study the genetic variation of gliadin storage proteins by
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) was evaluated in a collection of
winter common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with established high levels of cold
resistance for the Dobroudzha region and the country. In the three Gli-1 locus
(Gli-A1, -B1, -D1) the alleles marked with the latin letter „b“ have been identified at the highest frequency. This is due to the extensive use of Bezostaia 1 variety in
the DAI wheat breeding program, which leads to the creation of varieties with a
higher average degree of cold resistance - Pchelina, Merilyn, Laska, Iveta, Stoyana,
Goritsa, Aglika, Slaveya, Bolyarka and others. A small group of varieties (Neda,
Lider and Zlatitsa) and the poorly resistant San Pastore (check variety) have the
same allelic composition in the locus Gli-A1 - allele „m“. It is very likely that the
low frost resistance of the listed varieties is determined precisely by this allele. The
high-strength check variety Mironovskaya 808 and the Milena and Albena varieties
that are around it, have the Gli-A1f allele, which alone or in combination with the
Gli-B1 and Gli-D1 alleles can be associated with their high frost resistance. Part
of the newer varieties of DAI is characterized by a gliadins configuration with
the Gli-B1l allele. The main characteristic of these varieties is the participation in
their origin of Russian high-yielding varieties Avrora and Kavkaz. They are carriers
of wheat-rye translocation 1BL / 1RL. It has an adverse effect on their baking
properties. On the other hand it increases the cold resistance of the varieties in
combination with high and stable productivity. The Gli-D1a allele, identified in the
spectra of Todora, Demetra, Christy, Nicodim, Karina and Galateya, is associated
with a high adaptability of wheat to different climatic conditions. Evidence for this
is its widespread use in wheat genotypes of different geographical regions.
The established relationships between the gliadins allelic composition and the
cold-resistance feature as a result of the conducted study present is a modern
approach to the use of biochemical markers in the conventional breading process
of winter wheat.
Key words: A-PAGE, Cold resistance, Genetic polymorphism, Gliadin genetic
formula (GGF), Gliadins, Gli loci, Winter bread wheat.
