Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria
Резюме
In the last 25 years, the storage endosperm proteins of wheat have been widely used in
the breeding program of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI) as genetic markers of
quality. The object of this study were 34 common winter wheat cultivars developed during
2000 – 2016. In the high molecular glutenins (HMW-GS), an increase was found of the
percent of the subunits/fraction pairs related to high quality – ‘1’ and ‘2*’ in locus Glu-A1,
‘7+8’ in locus Glu-В1 and ‘5+10’ in locus Glu-D1, as well as decrease in the percent of
the subunits with low baking properties – ‘Null’ from locus Glu-A1 and ‘2+12’ from locus
Glu-D1. Significant changes were identified in the allele composition of the low molecular
glutenins (LMW-GS), which are an important component of quality. They were expressed
as higher percent of the allele determining high quality Glu-A3с at locus Glu-A3 and lower
percent of allele Glu-A3е, which is related to low quality. The negative effect of the rye
translocation 1BL/1RS (Glu-B3j) was compensated for by the significantly higher percent
of the alleles, related to high quality score Glu-B3b and Glu-D3c. ω- and γ- gliadins from
group Gli-1 and α- and β- gliadins from group Gli-2 were characterized with a high level of
genetic polymorphism. The changes, determined in the genetic potential of the most recent cultivars of DAI, were considerably influenced by the initial breeding material. They were
positive for both HMW-GS and LMW-GS and the gliadins, which contributed for the
significant increase of the total score and opened opportunities to use the wheat accessions
as sources of quality-valuable alleles.
