Листни въшки (Hemiptera: Aphididae) при камут (Triticum turanicum J.), отглеждан в биологично земеделие
Василина Манева • Дина Атанасова
Институт по земеделие - Карнобат, Карнобат, България
Резюме
The experiment was conducted in the 2014-2018 period in the Certified Organic
Farming Field of the Karnobat Institute of Agriculture. The species composition
and numeral dynamics of the aphids in the kamut were studied. The investigations
were carried out in the spring vegetation period of the crop, in the five years of the
experiment, by direct reading of aphids at ten sites over ten plants.The data are
analyzed and summarized for the five-year period by the most common types of
aphids and their variation over the years in relation to climatic conditions. They
have also studied their natural predators and parasites distributed in the biological
ecosystem, as well as their ability to regulate aphids. We have investigated the
correlation between the weed species composition of the kamut crop and the
presence of useful entomofauna. It has been found that three species of aphids -
Sitobion avenae (F.), Rhopalosiphum maidis (F.) and Schizaphis graminum (Ron.).
Sitobion avenae (F.) predominates. Four predators (Coccinella septempunctata L., Cantharis fusca L., Chrysopa sp., Sphaerophoria scripta (L.)) and two parasitoids
(Aphidius sp., Praon sp.), which help to regulate the aphids, have been found in
the kamut. As a culture, the kamut is not the most preferred of aphids, probably
because of its anatomical and morphological peculiarities.
