Наследяване на някои елементи на продуктивността при кръстоски зимен ечемик
Тошка Попова • Дарина Вълчева
Институт по земеделие - Карнобат, Карнобат, България
Резюме
The experimental work was conducted on the Institute of Agricultute-Karnobat.
There were studied the inheritance, coefficients of heritability and selection, the
number of genes, manifestations of transgression and heterosis in relation to some
traits, determining productivity in winter barley crosses. For this purpose there were
studied P1, P2, F1 and F2 populations of the hybrid combinations Lardeyа x PG 4365
and KT 305 x PG 4365. As a result of the hybridisation analysis, it was found that the
type of inheritance of the studied traits, which determined the productive potential
of the barley, was from incomplete dominant to over dominantly. A heterosis effect
is only found in the supernatural inheritance of the signs. Transgressions of high
degree and frequency were found to be productive and the grain weights of the
plant at crosses Kt 305 x PG 4365 and a mass per 1000 grains in Lardeya x PG
4365. Determination of the test parameters is determined by one to four genes or
groups of genes. Only the number of grains in the class corresponds to more genes
or a group of genes - from 18 to 22. Relatively low inheritance coefficients have
been established for Grain weight per a spike indices in both combinations, spike length and 1000 grains weight at KT 305 x PG 4365. They show a strong influence
of external factors on the phenotypic expression of parameters. The genetic share
is highest in plant height, number of fertile tillers per plant, grain number per a
spike and grain weight per a plant at both combinations, and spike length and 1000
grains weight at Lardeya x PG 4365. Positive and relatively high team performance
values were established for the plant height, grain number per a spike in the two
combinations, number of fertile tillers per spike and for crosses KT 305 x PG
4365 and spike length and 1000 grains weight at Lardey x PG 4365. They suggest
teaming for these signs in earlier hybrid generations (F2-F3).