Main soil tillage types and their effect on the agronomic response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Margarita Nankova
Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute - General Toshevo, General Toshevo, Bulgaria
Резюме
This study was carried out at the trial field of DAI from 2014 to 2016. The influence of
seven main soil tillage systems (MSTS) on the yield and the physical properties of dry bean
seeds were investigated. Four of these MSTS were applied independently and annually in
crop rotation: 1. CP-conventional plowing; 2. D–disking; 3. C–cutting; 4. NT-nil tillage.
The other three MSTS systems included: 5. Plowing (for spring crops) – Direct sowing
(of wheat); 6. Cutting-Disking and 7. Plowing-Disking. A significant differentiation in the
productivity of dry bean was found depending on the tested MSTS systems. Lowest mean
yields were obtained at the annual use of systems 2 (D) and 4 (NT) – 1110.4 kg/ha and
1137.2 kg/ha, respectively. Among the annually applied systems, constant plowing (1st
MSTS) and cutting (3rd MSTS) were the most favorable for expression of the crop’s production
potential. The systems involving annual alternation of tillage types with and without
turning of the plow layer exceeded with 499.5 kg/ha (37.81%) the same systems, which
were applied independently. The alternation of plowing for root crops with direct sowing
of wheat and plowing for root crops with disking of wheat were most efficient from an agronomic
point of view. In comparison to annual plowing, the increase of productivity was
with 473.0 (32.96%) and with 510.1 kg/ha (35.54%) respectively. The values of the physical
properties of seeds were also highly differentiated according to MSTS. The mean value of
the correlation coefficient between the yield and the test weight (0.644**) was higher than
the correlation coefficient of the yield with 1000 seeds weight (-0.526**).
Key words: Common bean, Tillage systems, Yield, 1000 kernel weight
